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Penis Cancer

Penile cancer causes and symptoms.

Penis cancer (or cancer of the penis), is a very rare disease that has proven to be extremely aggressive.

In this type of cancer, malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the penis.

Cancer of the penis is usually also diagnosed with phimosis, a medical condition for men where one cannot pull back the penis’ foreskin over the glans.



This disease can be developed by those who have many partners, as does the presence of HPV (Human Papillomavirus). The appearance of "smegma," the cheese-like secretion under the foreskin, also appears to increase the risk.

Men who use tobacco products are also at a high risk for developing penile cancer symptoms.


Symptoms of Penis Cancer

Common symptoms of penile cancer include irritation in the penis, redness, or the development of a sore penis. A lump of any size on the penis is also a symptom.

These symptoms can mimic other diseases, so it is important that you consult your doctor as soon as you observe any symptoms of penis cancer.

All you will need to do is undergo a physical examination as requested by your doctor. Your doctor will get a history of your medical records and if the lump is very large the doctor will immediately order that a biopsy be done. That way it can be definitively determined whether the patient has penis cancer or not.



Stages of Penile Cancer

There are 6 known stages of penile cancer:

  • Stage O - In Stage O, known as carcinoma in situ, the abnormal cells can be found on the surface of the penis’ skin which may or may not spread to other parts of the body.
  • Stage I - the cancer has formed and spread to connective tissues under the penis.
  • Stage II - the stage when the disease has already extended to the tissue below the penis’ skin and is spreading to a lymph node located in the groin.
  • Stage III – the stage when cancer has reached to the connective tissues or the penis’ erectile tissues reaching the urethra or the patient’s prostate.
  • Stage IV – In Stage IV, the cancer has already extended to the tissues within the penis and may also have already extended to the lymph nodes in the man’s groin, pelvis or the other parts of the patient’s body.
  • Recurring Penile Cancer – This stage is when the penis cancer has disappeared but then returned again. The cancer may be found to come back to the penis or a different body part this time.


  • Treament for Cancer of the Penis

    To remove the cancer, most often doctors will have to perform surgery. While surgery is often quite effective at removing tumors, it is still possible that a patient will have to undergo radiation or chemotherapy afterwards.

    Surgery options include:

    • Laser Surgery: A laser is used to make bloodless cuts to remove any cancer on the surface of the penis.
    • Cryosurgery: Any lesions or cancers are frozen off the penis.
    • Circumcision: Part of all of the foreskin is removed. Studies have shown that men with circumcisions are less at risk for penile cancer.
    • Mohs microsurgery: The tumor is removed in thin layers to cause as little damage as possible to healthy tissues.
    • Wide local excision: Surgical removal of the tumor and some healthy tissue surrounding it.
    • Penectomy: Partial or complete amputation of the penis.

    There are many clinical trials for treating symptoms of penile cancer. A patient can participate in a clinical trial at any stage of the cancer development.

    Biologic therapy is one interesting and promising treatment that is being studied. It focuses on using the body's natural cancer-defenses to boost a patient's immunity to the disease. This is often also called "immunotherapy."


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    Sources Cited

    About.com: Men's Health
    Cancer Help UK: Penile Cancer



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